private secretary to the Pope

Who held an office after whom. Not parentage, not discipleship, and not universally recognised — offices are contested.

Does not imply recognition by every tradition · an uncontested claim · parentage · discipleship · an explanation of why the succession happened

Holding an office after someone says nothing about being related to them or taught by them. Where a line is also a family, both are on the holders’ own pages as separate sections.

A gap is a vacancy, an interregnum or a hole in the record; an overlap is rival claims or an office held by more than one at once. The records do not say which, so neither is resolved here. A gap shorter than two years sits inside the precision of year-dated records and is not marked.

Why a succession happened is a historical argument. Where sources make one, it belongs in a reviewed connection with its citations — not in this order, and not in a predecessor field.

Recognition is never universal. Where a card names no recognising body, none is recorded — which is not the same as none.

Imported from Wikidata unless a card says otherwise. Nothing here has been read by an editor.