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Office

pharaoh

Ruler of Ancient Egypt

  • Dated c. 3150 BCE – 30 BCE
Who held it Compare

A seat,
and those
who held it.

Holders in order

Pharaoh
Jeff Dahl  · CC BY-SA 4.0

Overview

Read the full article On Wikipedia ↗
In 15 other languages

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From Wikipedia, quoted unmodified under CC BY-SA 4.0; the article’s history is its list of authors.

Succession in office

Who held it, in order

A sequence of office-holders, not a family genealogy.

  • 62 holders
  • 2 overlaps
  • 13 gaps
  • 19 steps named in the records
  • 29 undated
What this means

Who held an office after whom. Not parentage, not discipleship, and not universally recognised — offices are contested.

Does not imply recognition by every tradition · an uncontested claim · parentage · discipleship · an explanation of why the succession happened

Holding an office after someone says nothing about being related to them or taught by them. Where a line is also a family, both are on the holders’ own pages as separate sections.

A gap is a vacancy, an interregnum or a hole in the record; an overlap is rival claims or an office held by more than one at once. The records do not say which, so neither is resolved here. A gap shorter than two years sits inside the precision of year-dated records and is not marked.

Why a succession happened is a historical argument. Where sources make one, it belongs in a reviewed connection with its citations — not in this order, and not in a predecessor field.

Recognition is never universal. Where a card names no recognising body, none is recorded — which is not the same as none.

Imported from Wikidata unless a card says otherwise. Nothing here has been read by an editor.

  1. 2580 BCE – 2570 BCE Djedefre Egyptian Pharaoh Hedged in the source
  2. 2570 BCE – 2530 BCE Khafra ancient Egyptian pharaoh of 4th dynasty Hedged in the source

  3. Gap about 553 years with no holder recorded

    30 December 1977 BCE – 2 February 1947 BCE Amenemhat I Egyptian-Sudanese king Has references
  4. 1947 BCE – 1911 BCE Senusret I pharaoh of Egypt Has references
  5. 1911 BCE – 1879 BCE Amenemhat II pharaoh of Egypt Has references

  6. Gap about 490 years with no holder recorded

    1389 BCE – 1349 BCE Amenhotep III ninth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Has references
  7. 1349 BCE – 1333 BCE Akhenaten Egyptian pharaoh in 18th Dynasty Has references

  8. Overlap held at the same time as Akhenaten

    1337 BCE – 1336 BCE Smenkhkare Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Has references

  9. Gap about 3 years with no holder recorded

    1333 BCE – 1324 BCE Tutankhamun 14th century BCE (18th dynasty) Egyptian pharaoh Hedged in the source
  10. 1324 BCE – 1320 BCE Ay Egyptian pharaoh of the late 18th Dynasty (14th century BCE) Has references

  11. Gap about 31 years with no holder recorded

    1289 BCE – 1279 BCE Seti I second pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 19th dynasty Has references
  12. 31 May 1279 BCE – 1212 BCE Ramesses II Egyptian third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty Has references
  13. 1212 BCE – 1202 BCE Merneptah fourth pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt Has references
  14. 1202 BCE – 1198 BCE Amenmesse Egyptian pharaoh of the 19th dynasty Has references

  15. Overlap held at the same time as Amenmesse

    1199 BCE – 1193 BCE Seti II Egyptian pharaoh, sixth ruler of the Nineteenth dynasty

  16. Gap about 3 years with no holder recorded

    1190 BCE – 1188 BCE Twosret final pharaoh of the 19th dynasty Has references

  17. Gap about 2 years with no holder recorded

    1186 BCE – 1154 BCE Ramesses III Egyptian pharaoh of the 20th dynasty Has references
  18. 1154 BCE – 1148 BCE Ramesses IV 3rd pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt Has references

  19. Gap about 5 years with no holder recorded

    1143 BCE – 1135 BCE Ramesses VI fifth ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt Has references
  20. 1135 BCE – 1128 BCE Ramesses VII ancient Egyptian sixth pharaoh of the 20th dynasty Has references
  21. 1128 BCE – 1127 BCE Ramesses VIII Egyptian pharaoh of the 20th dynasty Has references

  22. Gap about 24 years with no holder recorded

    1103 BCE – 1073 BCE Ramesses XI Egyptian pharaoh of the 20th dynasty Has references

  23. Gap about 409 years with no holder recorded

    664 BCE – 610 BCE Psamtik I first egyptian pharaoh of the 26th dynasty Has references
  24. 610 BCE – 595 BCE Necho II 2nd Egyptian pharaoh of the 26th dynasty Has references
  25. 595 BCE – 589 BCE Psamtik II 3rd Egyptian pharaoh of the 26th dynasty Has references
  26. 589 BCE – 570 BCE Apries 4th Egyptian pharaoh of the 26th dynasty Has references

  27. Gap about 45 years with no holder recorded

    525 BCE – 522 BCE Cambyses II The second Achaemenid emperor (530–522 BC) Has references
  28. 29 September 522 BCE – 1 October 486 BCE Darius I The fourth and greatest Achaemenid emperor (522–486 BC)
  29. 522 BCE – 29 September 522 BCE Bardiya Son of Cyrus the Great (died c. 522 BC)

  30. Gap about 192 years with no holder recorded

    330 BCE – 323 BCE Alexander the Great king of Macedonia and conqueror of Achaemenid Persia (356–323 BC)
Show 3 more holders
  1. 322 BCE – 309 BCE Alexandros IV of Macedon King of Macedonia from 323/2 to 309 BC

  2. Gap about 4 years with no holder recorded

    305 BCE – 283 BCE Ptolemy I Soter Macedonian general, ruler of Egypt

  3. Gap about 232 years with no holder recorded

    29 August 51 BCE – 12 August 30 BCE Cleopatra Queen of Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BCE Has references

No dates recorded 29

  • Dates unrecorded Menkheperre Egyptian High Priest of Amun
  • Dates unrecorded Pinedjem I ancient Egyptian high priest of Amun (1200-1031)
  • Dates unrecorded Yuya ancient Egyptian high priest of Min, father-in-law of Amenhotep III
  • Dates unrecorded Sneferu pharaoh and founder of the 4th dynasty of Ancient Egypt
  • Dates unrecorded Khufu Fourth Dynasty ancient Egyptian pharaoh
  • Dates unrecorded Psusennes I Egyptian pharaoh of the 21st dynasty
  • Dates unrecorded Psusennes II last Egyptian pharaoh of the 21st dynasty
  • Dates unrecorded Tiye Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III
  • Dates unrecorded Xerxes I fifth Achaemenid emperor (486–465 BC)
  • Dates unrecorded Artaxerxes II The 10th Achaemenid Emperor (404–358 BC)
  • Dates unrecorded Artaxerxes III 11th Achaemenid Emperor (358–338 BC)
  • Dates unrecorded Amenemhat I Egyptian-Sudanese king
Show 17 more

Chronology is not a full explanation

Why one holder followed another takes evidence beyond the order of their dates.

Family

The family of pharaoh

Parents, consorts and children as the accounts give them. Choose a consort to see the children the stories give the two.

Accounts differ about a god’s family. Where they name different parents, the tree sets them side by side instead of choosing one.

As documented
The family as a list · 1

Kinship in an account 1

What this means

Parentage as a named source tells it. Not an independently established biological relationship, and different accounts disagree.

Does not imply an independently established biological relationship · agreement between accounts

Imported from Wikidata unless a tile says otherwise. Nothing here has been read by an editor.

Connections

How pharaoh connects

Grouped by the kind of relationship, because a successor is not a son and a shared symbol is not an influence.

Identification 2

What this means

One figure treated as another in some context. Not literal identity in all contexts, and usually a claim by a third party.

Does not imply literal identity in all contexts · that either tradition made the identification

Imported from Wikidata unless a tile says otherwise. Nothing here has been read by an editor.

Sources

Sources and evidence

Where every statement on this page comes from, and how each one stands.

How this site reads its sources

2 statements on this record

  • 2 Imported Taken from Wikidata as it stands. Nobody here has read it.

Only this record’s own statements. What other records say about it is counted on theirs.

Three layers, three licences

Data
Wikidata · CC0 1.0
Text
Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted, not merged
Pictures
Wikimedia Commons · each file’s own terms

Review

Not yet read by an editor here. Every relationship on this page is an import.

Disagreements are kept, not resolved, and a count of sources is not a confidence score.

Rédacteur Tibet · Public domain

Keep exploring

More offices, tradition by tradition

The directory lists every one on record, most widely recorded first.

All offices Compare

A seat outlasts
whoever sits in it.